National Geographic Society Lecture

Last month I gave a lecture on Hiram Bingham and Machu Picchu to a sold-out audience at the National Geographic Society in Washington, D.C. On the occasion of the hundredth anniversary of Bingham’s first visit to the ruins, we talked about the Incas, the nature of discovery, indigenous rights, and who gets to own the past. The folks of National Geographic have polished the hour and ten minute talk into an awesome half-hour long video they’ve posted on their channel on Youtube. Enjoy!

Lecture at National Geographic Society

For readers out there in the D.C. area, I’ll be speaking at the National Geographic Society this coming Tuesday, June 28, 2011, about Hiram Bingham and Machu Picchu, on the occasion of the site’s 100th anniversary in the public eye. The event is co-presented with the Embassy of Peru and promises to be interesting. Tickets can be bought here.

Machu Picchu’s Artifacts Return to Cusco

In time for the the 100th anniversary of Hiram Bingham’s first visit to Machu Picchu, the artifacts that Bingham’s team excavated and exported to Yale begin to return to Cusco.

“Brothers and sisters, we’re very happy today; each of us is going to sing and applaud because the objects are now here. They’ve returned. It’s not gold or silver. It’s the work of our older brothers and sisters that was taken away and never should have left,” said the mayor in Quechua, the Incas’ language.

El Señor de Wari and Peruvian Artifacts Round-Up

Archaeology has been going well for Peru lately.

To begin with, archaeologists in Cusco have announced the discovery of a pre-Inca tomb at the jungle site Espiritu Pampa — the very last Inca ruin that Hiram Bingham visited during the 1911 venture that netted Machu Picchu. The Indians then living at the site told Bingham that it was Vilcabamba, the last city of the Incas — Bingham didn’t believe them, a sad and strange twist I detail in Cradle of Gold — but it seems that Espiritu Pampa had a far older history. It turns out it was settled at least by the Wari, a culture that flourished in the central Andes from about the sixth to thirteenth centuries CE. The tomb’s occupant, now dubbed “el Señor de Wari,” “The Lord of Wari,” was buried with a silver mask and breastplate, “two golden bracelets, four silver head feathers, 15 representations of faces in beaten silver, two palm wood scepters adorned with silver, three necklaces of semi-precious stones and 200 silver sequins.” This is the first evidence, apparently, that this massive pre-Inca culture penetrated the eastern slopes of the Andes, complicating our understanding of how Peru’s civilizations spread over the region and sometimes re-purposed prior settlements.

Some bullets:

• The return of 98 artifacts smuggled from Peru.




• The artifacts from Machu Picchu will return to Peru on Peru’s Presidential Plane.




• And Peru is introducing a new one-sol coin, with the Chullpas of Sillustani on its reverse face — a set of incredibly well-preserved tower burials in Peru’s southern highlands. They look pretty great to me.

Underwater pre-Maya skull?

A National-Geographic-sponsored project in Quintana Roo, Mexico, has announced the discovery of a human skull deep inside the labyrinthine underwater cave of Hoyo Negro (black hole in Spanish). The team doesn’t seem like they’ll be removing the skull – perhaps they’re concerned about its stability – but they are already speculating that it could prove the oldest human remains in the Americas, given that the cave filled over 12,000 years ago, during the earth’s last great climactic shift. An archaeologist shown pictures has said that the skull “looks pre-Maya.” Which is a very strange thing to say, if you think about it.

For more on how archaeologists have used skulls to inscribe race, read David Hurst Thomas’ Skull Wars. for National Geographic’s relationship to explorers breathily rewriting the history of the hemisphere, see Cradle of Gold.